The primary challenge lies in the absence of symptoms. Most brain aneurysms are asymptomatic until they compress nearby cranial nerves, potentially causing neurological signs such as ptosis (drooping eyelid) or diplopia (double vision). If these symptoms appear, immediate medical evaluation and diagnostic imaging are critical.
A Catastrophic Event
When a brain aneurysm ruptures, the situation deteriorates rapidly. Bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area surrounding the brain—leads to blood accumulation, elevating intracranial pressure and causing excruciating headaches. Patients often describe the pain as "thunderclap," akin to lightning striking inside the skull. Accompanying symptoms include nausea, vertigo, and altered consciousness, all of which can jeopardize survival.
Post-rupture complications, such as cerebral vasospasm (narrowing of blood vessels) or hydrocephalus (impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation), are common and can exacerbate neurological damage. Once brain tissue is injured, recovery is often limited, making early detection and intervention pivotal to improving outcomes.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Brain aneurysms can be identified through imaging techniques like magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. Many are discovered incidentally during routine medical examinations. Aneurysms larger than 4mm in diameter typically warrant treatment, which may involve surgical clipping (mechanically occluding the aneurysm neck to block blood flow) or endovascular coiling (inserting platinum coils into the aneurysm via catheter to prevent rupture).
Dr. Dong-Sung Shin, a neurosurgeon at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, emphasizes the importance of proactive care. "If detected before rupture, an aneurysm can be managed safely," he said. "But a rupture can devastate patients and their families. Postmenopausal women and those with a family history should prioritize regular screenings and manage risk factors like smoking and hypertension."
Prevention Through Vigilance
While the precise cause of brain aneurysms remains unclear, tobacco use and elevated blood pressure significantly increase the risk. Adopting healthy lifestyle habits and undergoing regular screenings are the most effective preventive measures. Early detection and treatment remain the cornerstone of averting the catastrophic consequences of a rupture.
Lim Hye Jung, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr